pymongo 基本使用
pymongo 是在 python 中操作 mongodb 的一个包，使用方法跟 mongodb 的 shell 命令行类似。本文使用的 pymongo 版本是 3.2.1。
连接数据库
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # pymongo 版本 3.2.1 import re from pymongo import MongoClient from bson.objectid import ObjectId def con_mongo(): """连接数据库""" # 建立连接 client = MongoClient(host='127.0.0.1', port=27017) return client |
插入数据
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def insert_data(): """插入数据 :return: """ client = con_mongo() # 文档数据 record_list = [] dict1 = {"name": "lucy", "sex": "female", "job": "Nurse", "age": 23} dict2 = {"name": "peter", "sex": "male", "job": "Teacher", "age": 22} dict3 = {"name": "Jay", "sex": "male", "job": "Engineer", "age": 28} dict4 = {"name": "layr", "sex": "male", "job": "Engineer", "age": 29} record_list.append(dict1) record_list.append(dict2) record_list.append(dict3) record_list.append(dict4) # insert data to db:test/collection: user client.test.user.insert_many(record_list) |
更新数据
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def update_data(): """更新数据 :return: """ client = con_mongo() # 更新 lucy 的年龄 new_age = {'age': 25} client.test.user.update_one({'name': 'lucy'}, {'$set': new_age}) client.test.user.update_one({'name': 'lucy'}, {'$set': {'age': 26}}) # 所有记录 record = client.test.user.find() # 添加国家信息 coutry_info = {'country': 'China'} # 每条记录都添加 for item in record: _id = ObjectId(item.get('_id')) client.test.user.update_one({'_id': _id}, {'$set': coutry_info}) # 新的记录 new_record = {"name": "john", "sex": "male", "job": "Student"} new_record2 = {"name": "Tom", "job": "Hacker"} # 使用 upsert(update+insert), 根据条件判断有无记录，有的话就更新记录，没有的话就插入一条记录 client.test.user.update_one({'job': 'Student'}, {'$set': new_record}, upsert=False) client.test.user.update_one({'job': 'Student'}, {'$set': new_record2}, upsert=True) |
查找数据
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def search_data(): """ search data :return: """ client = con_mongo() # 年龄大于 25 且小于 30 且不等于 29 age_res = client.test.user.find({"age": {'$gt': 25, '$lt': 30, '$ne': 29}}) for item in age_res: age = item.get('age', '') print "expected age info: ", age pattern_string1 = '^l' pattern_string2 = 'r$' regx1 = re.compile(pattern_string1, re.IGNORECASE) regx2 = re.compile(pattern_string2, re.IGNORECASE) regx_list = [regx1, regx2] # name 以 'l' 开头且以 'r' 结尾 res_and = client.test.user.find({"name": {'$all': regx_list}}) for item in res_and: name = item.get('name', '') print "name that begins with 'l' and ends with 'r' are ", name # name 以 'l' 开头或以 'r' 结尾 res_or = client.test.user.find({"name": {'$in': regx_list}}) for item in res_or: name = item.get('name', '') print "name that begins with 'l' or ends with 'r' are ", name # name 以 'l' 开头或以 'r' 结尾 -- 第 2 种方法 pattern_strings = ['^l', 'r$'] pattern_string = '|'.join(pattern_strings) regx = re.compile(pattern_string, re.IGNORECASE) res = client.test.user.find({"name": regx}) for item in res: name = item.get('name', '') print "name that begins with 'l' or ends with 'r' are ", name |
查询常用语句
1、比较运算
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# 年龄大于 20 db.collection.find({"age": {'$gt': 20}}) # 年龄小于 20 db.collection.find({"age": {'$lt': 20}}) # 年龄大于等于 20 db.collection.find({"age": {'$gte': 20}}) # 年龄小于等于 20 db.collection.find({"age": {'$lte': 20}}) # 年龄大于 20 且 小于 30 且不等于 25 db.collection.find({"age": {'$gt': 20, '$lt': 30, '$ne': 25}}) |
2、$exists 字段是否存在
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# name 字段存在或不存在 db.collection.find({'name': {'$exists': True}}) db.collection.find({'name': {'$exists': False}}) |
3、$or 查询
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# 查找 a=1 或 b=2 db.collection.find({'$or': [{a: 1}, {b: 2}]}) |
4、$in 查询
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# a 属于 [1,2,3]中的任何一个 db.collection.find({a: {'$in': [1,2,3]}}) # a 不属于 [1,2,3]中的任何一个 db.collection.find({a: {'$nin': [1,2,3]}}) |
5、$all 查询
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# 全部属于 db.collection.find({a: {'$all': [1,2,3]}}) |
转载自：http://funhacks.net/2016/03/26/pymongo%20%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/